当使用tcpdump抓包的时候，如果简单使用

sudo tcpdump -i eth0

抓包显示

506 packets captured
67943 packets received by filter
67347 packets dropped by kernel

为何大量的包被内核丢弃了？

参考 One way to avoid tcpdump “packets dropped by kernel” messages 需要添加一个 -n 参数来避免DNS反向解析

sudo tcpdump -n -i eth0

此时，内核丢包就会大幅度减少

33587 packets captured
37943 packets received by filter
4285 packets dropped by kernel

参考 Why would the kernel drop packets? 可以增加缓存来减少包丢失

       When tcpdump finishes capturing packets, it will report counts of:

              packets ‘‘captured’’ (this is the number of packets that tcpdump has received and processed);

              packets  ‘‘received  by filter’’ (the meaning of this depends on the OS on which you’re running tcpdump, and possibly on the way the OS was configured - if a filter was specified on the command line, on some OSes it counts packets
              regardless of whether they were matched by the filter expression and, even if they were matched by the filter expression, regardless of whether tcpdump has read and processed them yet, on other OSes it  counts  only  packets  that
              were matched by the filter expression regardless of whether tcpdump has read and processed them yet, and on other OSes it counts only packets that were matched by the filter expression and were processed by tcpdump);

              packets  ‘‘dropped  by kernel’’ (this is the number of packets that were dropped, due to a lack of buffer space, by the packet capture mechanism in the OS on which tcpdump is running, if the OS reports that information to applica-
              tions; if not, it will be reported as 0).

sudo tcpdump --buffer-size=4096 -n -i eth0

buffer-size的单位是KB，所以上述是4MB的缓存

对于老版本的tcpdump，可以使用-B 4096

sudo tcpdump -B 4096 -n -i eth0

不过，我测试tcpdump 3.9.4不支持上述参数，按照man tcpdump是建议通过-w参数将抓包写入到文件解决缓存问题