Linux操作系统启动有时候在系统日志中有如下有关perf的记录
perf samples too long (2506 > 2500), lowering kernel.perf_event_max_sample_rate to 50000
这个信息是什么意思呢？
在 Documentation/sysctl/kernel.txt 中有如下解释：
perf_cpu_time_max_percent:
Hints to the kernel how much CPU time it should be allowed to use to handle perf sampling events. If the perf subsystem is informed that its samples are exceeding this limit, it will drop its sampling frequency to attempt to reduce its CPU usage.
Some perf sampling happens in NMIs. If these samples unexpectedly take too long to execute, the NMIs can become stacked up next to each other so much that nothing else is allowed to execute.
0: disable the mechanism. Do not monitor or correct perf's sampling rate no matter how CPU time it takes.
1-100: attempt to throttle perf's sample rate to this percentage of CPU. Note: the kernel calculates an "expected" length of each sample event. 100 here means 100% of that expected length. Even if this is set to 100, you may still see sample throttling if this length is exceeded. Set to 0 if you truly do not care how much CPU is consumed.
perf Examples
Kernel的wiki有关Perf提供了3个参考文档值得学习：
- Brendan Gregg's perf examples是非常详细的案例解析
- CppCon 2015: Chandler Carruth "Tuning C++: Benchmarks, and CPUs, and Compilers! Oh My!"
- Roberto Vitillo's presentation on Perf events